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Discrete Mathematics: Why Seven Bridges Started a Science

Logic, proof, counting, recurrences, graphs, modular arithmetic and probability: the math of separate things that underpins all of computing.

Discrete Mathematics · 50 questions

Try 3 questions

1. If the statement 'all ravens are black' is false, what must be true?

  1. Every raven is another color
  2. No raven at all is black
  3. At least one raven isn't black
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Answer: At least one raven isn't black

The negation of 'all are' is 'at least one is not'; a single white raven is enough to make the claim false.

2. Which statement is logically equivalent to 'If it is a square, then it is a rectangle'?

  1. If not a square, then not a rectangle
  2. If a rectangle, then it is a square
  3. If not a rectangle, then not a square
Show the answer

Answer: If not a rectangle, then not a square

The contrapositive always has the same truth value; the converse and the inverse do not.

3. Is 'every unicorn in this room is purple' true when the room contains no unicorns?

  1. Yes, it is vacuously true
  2. No, it is simply false
  3. It has no truth value
Show the answer

Answer: Yes, it is vacuously true

A universal claim is false only if a counterexample exists; with no unicorns there is none, so it is true by default.

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