Manual Therapy: History of manual therapy schools · From Bonesetters to Osteopathy and Chiropractic
Traces manual therapy from ancient Egyptian, Greek and Chinese techniques through folk bonesetters to the founding ideas of osteopathy and chiropractic.
For learning, not medical advice: for your own health, ask a doctor or another qualified professional.
Try 3 questions
1. Which manual procedure does Egypt's Edwin Smith Papyrus, over 3,500 years old, already describe?
- Adjusting the upper neck vertebrae
- Massaging the lower back muscles
- Reducing a dislocated jaw
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Answer: Reducing a dislocated jaw
Among its trauma cases, the papyrus explains how to put a dislocated mandible back in place with the thumbs inside the mouth, a method still recognizable today.
2. Hippocratic texts describe tying a patient to a ladder and dropping it. What was this 'succussion' meant to treat?
- Stiffness of the hip joint
- A hump or curvature of the spine
- Chronic headaches and dizziness
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Answer: A hump or curvature of the spine
The sudden jolt was supposed to straighten spinal deformities such as a hump, using the body's own weight as traction.
3. The Hippocratic writers criticized physicians who favored dramatic ladder succussion. What was their complaint?
- It was forbidden by temple priests
- It was done mainly to impress onlookers
- It required too many assistants
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Answer: It was done mainly to impress onlookers
The treatise On Joints notes that succussion rarely corrected the deformity and appealed to practitioners who wanted to astonish the crowd.
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