Structural Systems in Architecture: Loads on buildings · Classifying Loads
How engineers sort the forces acting on a building (dead, live, environmental, dynamic and accidental) and why each kind is treated differently.
Try 3 questions
1. Which of these counts as dead load in a building?
- Furniture moved into an office
- The weight of the floor slab
- People gathered for a party
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Answer: The weight of the floor slab
Dead load is the permanent weight of the structure and anything fixed to it; people and movable furniture come and go, so they are live load.
2. Why are office furniture and occupants treated as live load rather than dead load?
- They can move or change over time
- They weigh less than the structure
- They push sideways on walls
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Answer: They can move or change over time
Live load is defined by variability: its size and position change during the building's life, unlike the fixed self-weight.
3. Which type of load can a designer usually estimate most precisely?
- Live load
- Dead load
- Snow load
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Answer: Dead load
Dead load is calculated from known dimensions and material densities, while live and snow loads depend on use and weather and are estimated statistically.
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