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Philosophy of Education: Plato and Aristotle on education · Socrates and Learning as Recollection

How Socrates taught by questioning, and how Plato's Meno turns that method into a theory of learning as recollection.

Philosophy of Education · 27 questions

Try 3 questions

1. A teacher asks "Is it ever right to break a promise?" and probes each answer for contradictions. Which Socratic technique is this?

  1. Catharsis, emotional purging
  2. Mimesis, learning by imitation
  3. Elenchus, refutation by questioning
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Answer: Elenchus, refutation by questioning

The elenchus tests a person's beliefs through questions until the beliefs are shown to conflict with one another.

2. Strictly speaking, what does a successful Socratic refutation establish?

  1. That the person's beliefs are inconsistent
  2. That human knowledge is impossible
  3. That the opposite claim must be true
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Answer: That the person's beliefs are inconsistent

The elenchus only shows that a set of beliefs cannot all be true together; it does not by itself prove which belief is false or what is true.

3. Many early Platonic dialogues end with the speakers stuck and puzzled. What is this state called?

  1. Aporia
  2. Eudaimonia
  3. Ataraxia
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Answer: Aporia

Aporia means "no way through": the impasse reached when every proposed definition has been refuted.

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