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Community and Public Health Nursing: Determinants of health · Models of Health Determinants

The classic models that explain what shapes a population's health, from Lalonde and the Dahlgren-Whitehead rainbow to the WHO social determinants framework, and how nurses use them.

For learning, not medical advice: for your own health, ask a doctor or another qualified professional.

Community and Public Health Nursing · 27 questions

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1. The 1974 Lalonde Report is a landmark in public health. What was its central argument?

  1. Health depends on lifestyle and environment, not just care
  2. Health depends mainly on building more hospitals
  3. Health depends mainly on advances in genetic research
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Answer: Health depends on lifestyle and environment, not just care

Lalonde's 'health field concept' showed that most spending went to medical care while lifestyle and environment drove much of the illness and early death.

2. Lalonde's health field has four elements: human biology, environment, lifestyle and which fourth one?

  1. Health care organization
  2. Income and social class
  3. Religion and culture
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Answer: Health care organization

The fourth element is the organization of health care; placing it as just one of four was the report's provocative point.

3. What sits at the center of the Dahlgren and Whitehead 'rainbow' model of health determinants?

  1. National economic policies
  2. Hospitals and health services
  3. Age, sex and hereditary factors
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Answer: Age, sex and hereditary factors

The individual's fixed traits sit at the core, surrounded by layers of lifestyle, social networks, living and working conditions, and wider society.

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